Psychoanalisis

Experts of Psychoanalisis

1.      Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud was a late 19th and early 20th century neurologist. He is widely acknowledged as the father of modern psychology and the primary developer of the process of psychoanalysis. 

Early Life

Sigmund Freud was born in Freiberg, Moravia in 1856, the oldest of eight children. His family moved to Vienna when Freud was four years old. He studied at a preparatory school in Leopoldstadt where he excelled in Greek, Latin, history, math, and science. His academic superiority gained him entry into the University of Vienna at the age of seventeen. Upon completion, he went on to pursue his medical degree and PhD in neurology.

Freud married Martha Bernays in 1886, and the couple had six children. The youngest of Freud's children, Anna Freud, became an influential psychologist and ardent defender of her father's theories. 

Contribution to Psychology

Freud drew heavily upon the emphasis of philosophers such as Nietzsche, Dostoevsky, and Kant. Freud’s theories continue to influence much of modern psychology, and his ideas also resonate throughout philosophy, sociology, and political science, with thinkers such as Jacques Lacan and Karl Marx drawing heavily upon Freudian theories. Freud's emphasis upon early life and the drive to pleasure are perhaps his most significant contributions to psychology. Even contemporary psychologists who disavow Freud's theories often take an interest in a client's early life and the relationship between child and parent. Some of Freud's most significant theories include:

·         The development of the unconscious and conscious minds. Freud argued that the mind consists of the conscious mind, which contains the thoughts and beliefs of which we are aware. The unconscious mind, by contrast, is a repository for repressed memories and unexpressed desires, and problems with the unconscious mind can lead to problems with behavior and emotional regulation. 

·         The structural model of personality. Drawing upon his theory of the unconscious mind, Freud developed the concepts of the id, ego, and superego. The ego is the everyday personality that we present to the world, but represents only a fraction of a person's true self. The superego, by contrast, serves as a sort of conscience and internalizes moral, social, and cultural norms. The id is a pleasure-seeking, primitive structure that is present at birth. It forms the foundation of a person's personality, and unconscious id desires can explain seemingly unexplainable behaviors. 

Later Life and Legacy

Freud developed cancer in 1923 and passed away sixteen years later. His ideas are still debated today, and his techniques and interpretations are widely accepted as the basis of modern psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud is considered one of the most influential people in the history of psychology.

Books by Sigmund Freud

·         Studies on Hysteria (with Josef Breuer, 1895)

·         The Interpretation of Dreams (1899)

·         The Psychopathology of Everyday Life (1901)

·         Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1905)

·         Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious (1905)

·         Delusion and Dream in Jensen's Gradiva (1907)

·         Totem and Taboo (1913)

·         On Narcissism (1914)

·         Introduction to Psychoanalysis (1917)

·         Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920)

·         The Ego and the Id (1923)

·         The Future of an Illusion (1927)

·         Civilization and Its Discontents (1930)

·         Moses and Monotheism (1939)

·         An Outline of Psycho-Analysis (1940)

·         The Complete Letters of Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess (1986)

·         The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (1999)